Chapter on
Repentance
Scholars say that it is s a duty to repent of every wrong action.
If it is disobedience which occurs between a person and Allah and does not
involve the right of another human being, repentance has three preconditions.
The first is that one divest himself of disobedience. The second is that he
regret doing it. The third is that he resolve not to ever return to it. If one
of the three is lacking, then his repentance is not sound. If it involves to
another human being, repentance has four preconditions: these three and that
he discharges his duty to the other person. If it is money or the like, he
pays it to him. If it is a hadd-punishment because of slander and the
like it, he give shim power over him or seeks his pardon. If it is slander, he
undoes it, He must repent of all wrong actions. If he repents of some of them,
the people of truth say that his repentance of them is sound, but he still has
the rest. There is much evidence in the Book, the Sunna and the consensus of
the Community about the obligation to repent.Allah Almighty says, "Turn towards Allah, O believers, every one of you,
so that perhaps you will have success," (24:31)and the Almighty says,
"Ask your Lord for forgiveness and then turn in repentance to Him," (11:3)and the Almighty says, "O you who believe! Turn in sincere repentance to
Allah." (66:8)
13. Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'By Allah, I ask Allah's
forgiveness and turn towards Him in repentance more than seventy times a day."
14. Al-Agharr ibn Yasar al-Muzani said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, said, "O people! Turn in repentance towards Allah
and ask His forgiveness. I turn towards Him a hundred times a day."[Muslim]
15. Abu Hamza Anas ibn Malik al-Ansari, the servant of the Messenger of Allah
reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "Allah is happier about the repentance of one His slaves than one of you
would be about finding your camel which had strayed away from you in the middle
of the desert."[Agreed upon]
In the variant of Muslim, "Allah has greater joy at the repentance of one His
slaves when he turns towards Him than one of you would have over his mount,
which, having escaped from him with his food and drink in the middle of the
desert so that he has despaired of finding it and gone to a tree to lie down in
its shade, suddenly appears standing by him while he is in that state, so that
he takes its reins and then says out of the intensity of his joy, 'O Allah, You
are my slave and I am Your Lord!' getting confused because of his intense joy.'"
16. From Abu Musa 'Abdullah ibn Qays al-Ash'ari is that the Prophet, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah Almighty will stretch out His
hand during the night, turning towards the one who did wrong during the day, and
stretch out His hand during the day, turning towards the one who did wrong
during the night, until the day the sun rises from the place it set." [Muslim]
17. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, "Allah will turn towards anyone who turns in repentance
before the time that the sun rises from the place it set." [Muslim]
18. Abu 'Abdu'r-Rahman 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said that the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah the Mighty and
Majestic accepts the repentance of His servant as long as long as his
death-rattle has not begun." [At-Tirmidhi]
19. Zirr ibn Hubays said, "I went to Safwan ibn 'Assal to ask him about
wiping over leather socks. He said, 'What has brought you, O Zirr?' I said, 'The
search for knowledge.' He said, 'The angels lower their wings to anyone who
seeks knowledge, out of pleasure at what he is seeking.' I said, 'I am troubled
about wiping over leather socks after defecation and urination. You were one of
the Companions of the Prophet, so I have come to ask you whether you heard him
mention anything regarding that.' He said, 'Yes. He used to command us when we
were travelling or journeying not to remove our leather socks for
three days and nights except in the case of janaba. We were not to remove
them on account of defecation, urination or sleep.' I said, 'Did you hear him
mention anything about love?' He said, 'Yes. Once we were with the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on a journey and, while we were
in his presence, a bedouin with a loud voice called out to him, "O Muhammad!"
The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, answered him in
a similarly loud voice, "Go ahead!" I said to him, "Bother you! Lower your
voice! You are in the presence of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, and this is forbidden!" He retorted, "By Allah, I will not lower it!" The
bedouin said, "Can a man love a people when he has not yet joined them?" The
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man will be with the
one he loves on the Day of Rising."' Safwan continued to relate to us until he
mentioned a door in the West the span of whose breadth is or whose breadth
it would take a rider forty or seventy years.'"
Sufyan, one its transmitters, said, "It is in the direction of Syria. Allah
Almighty, on the day He created the heavens and the earth, created it to be open
for repentance and it will not be locked until the sun rises from there."
[at-Tirmidhi & others]
20. Abu Sa'id ibn Sa'd ibn Malik ibn Sinan al-Khudri reported that the
Prophet of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Among those
before you there was a man who killed ninety-nine people. He asked who was the
most knowledgeable man in the world and was directed to a monk. He went to him
and said that he had killed ninety-nine people and was repentance possible for
him? The monk said, 'No,' so he killed him and made it a hundred. Then he again
asked who was the most knowledgeable man on earth and was directed to a man of
knowledge. He said that he had killed a hundred people, so was repentance
possible for him? The man said, 'Yes, who can come between you and repentance?
Go to such-and-such a land, where there are some people worshipping Allah
Almighty. Worship Allah with them and do not return to your own country. It is
an evil place.' So he went and then, when he was half way there, he died. The
angels of mercy and angels of punishment started to argue about him. The angels
of mercy said, 'He came in repentance, turning with his heart to Allah
Almighty.' The angels of punishment said, 'He has not done a single good
action.' An angel came in a human form and they appointed him arbitrator between
them. He said, 'Measure the distance between the two countries and whichever one
he is nearer to, that is the one he belongs to.' They measured and found he was
nearer to the land to which he was going, so the angels of mercy took him."
[Agreed upon]
In the variant in the Sahih, "He was a hand-span nearer to the virtuous land,
so he was put among their people." In the variant in the Sahih, "Allah revealed
to this country to distance itself and that one to come nearer. He said,
'Measure the distance between them,' and they found that he was nearer to the
good one by a hand-span and he forgave him." In one variant, "He was nearer it
by a short neck."
21. 'Abdullah ibn Ka'b ibn Malik, the one of Ka'b's sons who guided him when
he went blind, said, "I heard Ka'b ibn Malik relate his account of when he
stayed behind the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
on the expedition to Tabuk. Ka'b said, 'I did not stay behind the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on any another expedition he
made at all, except for the Tabuk expedition, although I did not go on the
expedition to Badr. No one censured me for staying behind that, because the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Muslims set
out heading for the caravan of Quraysh until Allah Almighty brought them
together with their enemy unexpectedly. I was present
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