Many Muslims greet their brothers by saying “Salaamun ‘alaykum”. Is it permissible for us to say that? If it is not correct, will the one who does that still be rewarded for saying salaam?.
Praise be to Allaah.
There is nothing wrong with the person who
is initiating the greeting saying, “Salaamun ‘alaykum” or ‘Salaamun ‘alayk.”
Allaah tells us that the greeting of the angels to the people of Paradise
will be “Salaamun ‘alaykum” as He says (interpretation of the meaning):“And angels shall enter unto them from
every gate (saying):24. ‘Salaamun ‘Alaykum (peace be upon
you) for you persevered in patience! Excellent indeed is the final home!’”[al-Ra’d 13:23, 24]
“And those who kept their duty to their
Lord (Al-Muttaqoon – the pious) will be led to Paradise in groups till when
they reach it, and its gates will be opened (before their arrival for their
reception) and its keepers will say: Salaamun ‘Alaykum (peace be upon you)!
You have done well, so enter here to abide therein”[al-Zumar 39:73]
The salaam in this form is also mentioned in
the verse where Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):“Those whose lives the angels take while
they are in a pious state (i.e. pure from all evil, and worshipping none but
Allaah Alone) saying (to them): Salaamun ‘Alaykum (peace be on you) enter
you Paradise, because of that (the good) which you used to do (in the
world)”[al-Nahl 16:32]
“And when they hear Al‑Laghw (dirty,
false, evil vain talk), they withdraw from it and say: ‘To us our deeds, and
to you your deeds. Peace be to you (Salaamun ‘Alaykum). We seek not (the way
of) the ignorant’”[al-Qasas 28:55]
“When those who believe in Our Ayaat
(proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) come to you,
say: Salaamun ‘Alaykum (peace be on you); your Lord has written (prescribed)
Mercy for Himself, so that if any of you does evil in ignorance, and
thereafter repents and does righteous good deeds (by obeying Allaah), then
surely, He is Oft‑Forgiving, Most Merciful”[al-An’aam 6:54]
Ibn Hibbaan narrated in his Saheeh
(493) from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) that a man passed
by the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
when he was in a gathering and said, “Salaamun ‘alaykum.” He (the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)) said, “Ten hasanahs.”
Another man passed by and said, “Salaamun ‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allaahi (Peace
be upon you and the mercy of Allaah).” He said, “Twenty hasanahs.” Then
another man passed by and said, “Salaamun ‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allaahi wa
barakaatuhu (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allaah and His blessings).”
He said: “Thirty hasanahs.” A man got up and left the gathering and did not
say salaam. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said, “How soon your companion has forgotten. When one of you comes to a
gathering and says salaam, if he wants to sit down then let him do so. Then
when he wants to leave, let him say salaam, for the one is not more
important than the other.” Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh
al-Targheeb wa’l-Tarheeb, 2712.This and other evidence indicates that there
is nothing wrong with saying salaam to a person by saying “Salaamun
‘alaykum.” He will be rewarded for that, and he deserves a response to his
salaam.The scholars differed as to which version is
better, al-salaamu ‘alaykum or salaamun ‘alaykum, or whether they are both
the same.Al-Mardaawi said in al-Insaaf
(2/563): If a person greets a living person, then the correct view in our
madhhab is that he has the choice between using the definite form (with al-)
or the indefinite (without al-). And he said: this was stated by more than
one.Then he mentioned a report from Imam
Ahmad which says that the definite form is better than the indefinite, and
he quoted Ibn ‘Aqeel as saying that the indefinite is better than the
definite.Al-Nawawi said in al-Adhkaar (p.
356-358):Note that it is preferable for the Muslim to
say “al-salaamu ‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allaahi wa barakaatuhu”, using the plural
pronoun (-kum), even if he is greeting only one person. The respondent
should say, “Wa ‘alaykum al-salaam wa rahmat-Allaahi wa barakaatuhu.”Our companions said: If the one who is
initiating the greeting says, “Al-salaamu ‘alaykum,” then he has given the
greeting. If he said “al-salaamu ‘alayk” or “salaamun ‘alayk” this also
counts as the greeting.As for the response, the minimum is to say,
‘Wa ‘alayk al-salaam” or “Wa ‘alaykum al-salaam.” If the waw is omitted and
one says, “ ‘Alaykum al-salaam” that is sufficient and is a response.If the person who is initiating the greeting
says “Salaamun ‘alaykum” or “al-salaamu ‘alaykum,” in both cases the
respondent may say, “Salaamun ‘alaykum”, or he may say, “al-salaamu
‘alaykum”. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):“When they came in to him and said:
‘Salaam, (peace be upon you)!’ He answered: ‘Salaam, (peace be upon you ),’”[al-Dhaariyaat 51:25]
Imam Abu’l-Hasan al-Waahidi, one of our
companions, said: You have the choice between using the definite form
(al-salaam) or the indefinite (salaamun).I (al-Nawawi) say: But the alif and laam are
preferable (i.e., saying the word salaam with the definite article al-).End quote.
Secondly:
What is makrooh is for the one who is
initiating the greeting to say “ ‘Alayk al-salaam” or “ ‘Alaykum al-salaam,”
because this is the greeting given to the dead as the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said.Abu Dawood (5209) and al-Tirmidhi (2722)
narrated that Abu Jurayy al-Hujaymi (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I
came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and
said: “ ‘Alayka’l-salaam (upon you be peace), O Messenger of Allaah.” He
said, “Do not say ‘ ‘Alayka’l-salaam’, for ‘Alayka’l-salaam’ is the greeting
of the dead.” This hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh
Abi Dawood.What is meant by the Prophet’s words
“‘Alayka’l-salaam’ is the greeting of the dead” is the fact that many poets
and others greeted the dead in this manner. Moreover the Sunnah of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is to greet the
dead in the same manner as he greeted the living, by saying “Al-salaamu
‘alaykum.”Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him)
said, explaining that: His greeting, when he was initiating the greeting,
was to say, “Al-salaamu ‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allaah” He did not like the
initiator to say “‘Alayka’l-salaam.” Abu’l-Jurayy al-Hujaymi said: I came to
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said: “
‘Alayka’l-salaam (upon you be peace), O Messenger of Allaah.” He said, “Do
not say ‘ ‘Alayka’l-salaam’, for ‘Alayka’l-salaam’ is the greeting of the
dead.” A saheeh hadeeth.This hadeeth confused some people, who
thought that it contradicted what was narrated from the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) about greeting the dead by saying,
“Al-salaamu ‘alaykum,” saying the word salaam first. They thought that his
words, “‘Alayka’l-salaam’ is the greeting of the dead” was describing what
is prescribed, but that is a mistake which led them to think that there was
a contradiction. Rather what is meant by the words “‘Alayka’l-salaam’ is the
greeting of the dead” is a statement of something that used to happen, not
something that was prescribed, namely that the poets and others used to
greet the dead in this manner, and he did not like the greeting commonly
used for the dead to become widespread.End quote from Zaad al-Ma’aad, 2/383
Thirdly:
The most complete form of greeting is
to say “Al-salaamu ‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allaahi wa barakaatuhu (Peace be upon
you and the mercy of Allaah and His blessings)” or “Salaamun ‘alaykum wa
rahmat-Allaahi wa barakaatuhu”, because of the hadeeth of Ibn Hibbaan quoted
above, and because of the hadeeth narrated by Abu Dawood (5195) and
al-Tirmidhi (2689) from ‘Imraan ibn Husayn (may Allaah be pleased with him)
who said: A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) and said: “Al-salaamu ‘alaykum,” and he returned the greeting,
then he sat down. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) said, “Ten.” Then another man came and said, “Al-salaamu ‘alaykum wa
rahmat-Allaah,” and he returned the greeting, then he sat down. He said,
“Twenty.” Then another man came and said Al-salaamu ‘alaykum wa
rahmat-Allaahi wa barakaatuhu,” and he returned the greeting, then he sat
down. He said, “Thirty.” Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi
Dawood.As for adding the words “wa maghfiratuhu
(and His forgiveness)” or “wa ridwaanuhu (and His pleasure)”, these are not
mentioned in any saheeh report from our Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him), as was stated by Ibn al-Qayyim in Zaad al-Ma’aad,
2/381, and by al-Albaani in Da’eef Abi Dawood, 5196.
And Allaah knows best.
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