What are the meanings of Allaah’s names al-Muqaddim (the Expediter, the One Who brings forward) and al-Mu’akhkhir (the Delayer, the One Who puts back)?
Praise be to Allaah.
Allaah
is the One Who gives precedence to whatever has to be given precedence
with regard to rulings and the order of things, as and how He likes.
Whatever He gives precedence to should be given precedence, and whatever
He gives less priority to should be given less priority. He is the One
Who puts back what has to be put back, and there is wisdom and goodness
in whatever He does, even though the purpose of that wisdom and goodness
may be hidden from us.
Allaah
is the One Who sends down events, expediting or delaying them as He
wills, in accordance with His decree which came before He created all
things. He gives preference to those among His close friends (awliya’)
whom He loves over others among His slaves; He raises some of His created
beings above others in status; He brings forward those whom He wills
to higher ranks and He keeps down those whom He wills; He postpones
things from their expected times because in His wisdom He knows the
consequences of the delay. None can bring forward what He puts back
and none can put back what He brings forward.
Taqdeem
(expediting, bringing forward) includes:
Al-taqdeem
al-kawni
(universal bringing forward): such as creating some created beings over
others, making cause precede effect, conditions precede results, etc.
Al-taqdeem
al-shar’i
(preference in status): such as giving a higher status to some Prophets
over others, and giving all Prophets a higher status than other people,
and giving a higher status to some people than others, all in accordance
with His Wisdom.
Ibn
al-Qayyim said:
He
is the Expediter and the Delayer, and these are two qualities of His
deeds
As
well as being attributes of His Essence.
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