Is it permissible for him to complete the purchase when he can hear the call to prayer?

 

Sometimes when I'm in the market place and I am in a store and have chosen something and am at the checkout, the call to prayer is given. Is it permissible for me to complete the purchase or is that haraam? 


Also, sometimes we are in the car and the muezzin has already given the call to prayer, and we stop at the grocery and my brother asks the shopkeeper to sell him something. Does this also come under the prohibition?.

Praise be to Allaah.

If that is the adhaan for Jumu‘ah prayer that comes after
the khateeb has ascended the minbar, then it is haraam to buy and sell at
that time, because Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “O
you who believe (Muslims)! When the call is proclaimed for the Salaah
(prayer) on Friday (Jumu‘ah prayer), come to the remembrance of Allaah
[Jumu‘ah religious talk (Khutbah) and Salaah (prayer)] and leave off
business (and every other thing). That is better for you if you did but
know!” [al-Jumu‘ah 62:9]. 

The words “O you who
believe (Muslims)! When the call is proclaimed for the Salaah (prayer) on
Friday (Jumu‘ah prayer), come to the remembrance of Allaah [Jumu‘ah
religious talk (Khutbah) and Salaah (prayer)] and leave off business”
mean: stop dealing with trade and come and listen to the khutbah and perform
Jumu‘ah prayer in the mosque with the imam. This means that it is haraam to
buy and sell after the second adhaan which comes when the khateeb sits on
the minbar, until the prayer ends, unless there is a case of necessity which
calls for buying or selling, such as buying water for the purpose of
purification or a garment to cover one's ‘awrah for prayer. End quote. 

Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah,
13/101-102 

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

Buying and selling after the second call to Jumu‘ah is haraam
and also invalid. Based on that, the transaction is invalid, so it is not
permissible for the purchaser to dispose of what he has bought, because he
has not taken possession of it, and it is not permissible for the seller to
dispose of the money paid, because he has not taken possession of it. This
is a serious matter, because some people may buy or sell after the second
call to Jumu‘ah, then take things on the assumption that they now belong to
them. End quote. 

Al-Sharh al-Mumti‘, 8/52. 

So it is not permissible to buy or sell after the second
adhaan for Jumu‘ah, because what is required is to hasten to the mosque in
order to hear the khutbah and pray, and buying and selling distracts from
that. 

But if that happens with regard to all the other prayers
(Fajr, Zuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib and ‘Isha’), there is nothing wrong with it, so
long as it does not distract one from praying in congregation and cause one
to miss it. 

Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “Men whom
neither trade nor sale (business) diverts from the remembrance of Allaah
(with heart and tongue) nor from performing As‑Salât (Iqâmat‑as‑Salât) nor
from giving the Zakât. They fear a Day when hearts and eyes will be
overturned (out of the horror of the torment of the Day of Resurrection)”
[al-Noor 24:37]. 

Those are men who, even if they do business and sell and buy,
there is nothing haraam in that, but it should not distract them and make
them give precedence to that and prefer it over the remembrance of Allah,
establishing prayer and giving zakaah; rather they should make obedience to
Allah and worship of Him their ultimate aim, so whatever keeps them from
that, they should reject it.

End quote from Tafseer al-Sa‘di, p. 569 

Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: Is
it haraam to buy and sell during the adhaan or after it? What about on
Fridays? 

He replied: 

Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “O
you who believe (Muslims)! When the call is proclaimed for the Salaah
(prayer) on Friday (Jumu‘ah prayer)…” [al-Jumu‘ah 62:9], so it is
not permissible to buy and sell or to rent or do any other kind of
transaction; rather people should focus on Jumu‘ah prayer and hasten to pray
Jumu‘ah, and not let anything else distract them. 

With regard to other prayers, they may or may not come under
the same rulings as Jumu‘ah, but to be on the safe side, one should not do
anything after the call to prayer, after the adhaan for Zuhr, ‘Asr or
Maghrib, because that may distract him from praying in congregation. So it
is better to avoid that, unless it is some minor matter that will not
distract him, so perhaps there is nothing wrong with it, because Allah, may
He be glorified and exalted, only spoke about the issue of Jumu‘ah, because
it is very important and it is obligatory to attend it, and one misses out
by missing it. So it is a serious matter and is a weekly obligation. 

To sum up: Jumu‘ah cannot be compared with other prayers, but
if he avoids such situations so that he will not be distracted from praying
in congregation, that is better. 

Whatever the case, if his buying and selling may distract him
from performing prayer in congregation, then it is haraam, but in some cases
the prayer may be delayed, if the Imam is late, so a person may buy or sell
something on his way, and it may not affect his attending the prayer. But if
he avoids that and adheres to what applies to Jumu‘ah, that will be more on
the safe side, so it is like Jumu‘ah with regard to precautions. End quote. 

From Fataawa Noor ‘ala al-Darb 

And Allah knows best.

He followed his imam in Taraweeh to pray ‘Isha’, then he followed him again for the last two rak’ahs

 

I missed ‘Isha’ prayer and the imam began to pray Taraweeh. I joined the prayer with the imam with the intention of praying ‘Isha’. The imam prayed two rak’ahs then he said the salaam, and I remained sitting but did not say the salaam. When he stood up to pray again I stood up with him and completed my ‘Isha’ prayer with him. Is the way I offered this prayer correct? If it was not correct, what should I do?.

Praise be to Allaah.

The scholars differed concerning the ruling on offering an
obligatory prayer behind an imam who is offering a naafil prayer. We have
quoted some of the scholarly opinions on this matter in the answer to
question number 79136.  

Imam al-Shafaa’i and Ibn al-Mundhir are of the view that this
is permissible, and this is also narrated from Ahmad. The scholars of the
Standing Committee and Shaykh Ibn Baaz also favoured this view, and in the
question mentioned above we quoted him as saying that it is permissible,
namely praying ‘Isha’ behind one who is praying Taraweeh, and that the
person praying behind him should complete his prayer on his own after the
imam says the salaam. 

As for what the questioner did, sitting after the imam said
the salaam so that he could follow him in the next two rak’ahs of Taraweeh,
there are two scholarly opinions concerning the one who starts his prayer on
his own -- can he follow an imam who is leading a congregation? Some of them
said that this is not allowed and some of them said that it is valid. 

Shaykh al-‘Uthaymeen did not give a definitive opinion
concerning this action and he said, after stating that it is permissible for
one who is offering an obligatory prayer to pray behind one who is offering
a naafil prayer, which includes it being permissible to offer ‘Isha’ prayer
behind one who is praying Taraweeh: 

Rather what I am not sure about is their waiting for the imam
until he starts the next two rak’ahs and completing the prayer with him.
This is what I am not sure about, because the Messenger (blessings and peace
of Allah be upon him) said: “Whatever you catch up with, pray, and whatever you miss, complete it.” The apparent meaning is that a person should complete what he missed with his imam on his own, meaning that he should not
wait until the imam starts another prayer. Rather we say: When the imam says
the salaam at the end of the prayer in which you caught up with him, then
complete the prayer and do not wait until he starts another prayer. End
quote. 

Fataawa Noor ‘ala al-Darb (Tape
no. 15, side B) 

Al-Nawawi thought it more likely that this is permissible, as
he said: 

If he prays ‘Isha’ behind Taraweeh, that is permissible, and
when the imam says the salaam, he should stand up to do the remaining two
rak’ahs. It is better for him to complete them on his own. If the imam gets
up to do two more rak’ahs of Taraweeh, he should form the intention to
follow him again in his two rak’ahs. There are two opinions as to whether it
is permissible for one who started the prayer on his own to then intend to
follow the imam. The more correct view is that it is valid. End quote. 

Al-Majmoo’ Sharh al-Muhadhdhab,
4/270 

Based on this, the prayer was valid and you do not have to
repeat it, but it is better -- in the future -- to complete your prayer on
your own and not to join with the imam again. 

The brother who asked this question does not have to repeat the prayer or to repeat the two rak’ahs. The ‘Isha’ prayer that he offered behind the imam who was praying Taraweeh is valid. But we think that it is better for him to complete what remains for him of his prayer on his own. But if he follows the last two rak’ahs with the imam again, that is permissible. 

And Allah knows best.

Is the prayer of the person praying behind the imam rendered invalid if the imam’s prayer becomes invalid?

 

Is it possible for someone to invalidate the salat of another person? For example, can the imam invalidate the prayers of everyone else without them knowing?.

Praise be to Allaah.

The scholars differed concerning the relationship between a
person’s prayer and the prayer of the imam. There are three opinions:

(i)               
That there is no connection
between them and each person is praying on his own account. This is the
prevailing view among the Shafaa‘is.

(ii)             
That it is connected to the
imam’s prayer and stems from it, so any fault that affects the imam’s prayer
will affect the prayer of the one who is praying behind him. This is the
view of Abu Haneefah and is narrated in one report from Ahmad.

(iii)           
That it is connected to the
imam’s prayer, but it only affects the prayer of the one who is praying
behind him when there is no excuse on the part of either of them. But if
there is an excuse, a defect in the imam’s prayer does not affect the prayer
of the one who is praying behind him. If the imam believes that he has
wudoo’, then he is excused for leading the people in prayer and the one who
is praying behind him is excused for following him in prayer. This is the
view of Maalik, Ahmad and others and this is what could be understood from
the report narrated from the Sahaabah concerning this issue. And this is the
soundest approach. 

Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa by Shaykh
al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him), 23/370-371 

Thus the prayer of one who is praying behind an imam is not
necessarily invalidated as soon as the imam’s prayer becomes invalidated,
because if the one who is praying behind him does his prayer properly,
fulfilling all its conditions and doing all of its essential and obligatory
parts, it is not permissible to regard it as invalid except with sound
evidence. This is indicated by the report narrated by al-Bukhaari (694) and
Ahmad (8449) from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), according to
which the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)
said: “They lead you in prayer; if they do it properly then it is for you
and for them, but if they make a mistake then it is for you and against
them.” 

Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

Ibn al-Mundhir said: This hadeeth refutes those who say that
if the prayer of the imam is rendered invalid, the prayer of those praying
behind him is also rendered invalid. End quote. 

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him)
said: 

This is a text which shows that if the imam makes a mistake
it is his responsibility and not that of those who are praying behind him.
End quote. 

Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa, 23/372 

Al-Sa‘di (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

The correct view is that the prayer of the one who is praying
behind an imam is not rendered invalid in all cases if the prayer of his
imam becomes invalid, even if the imam’s prayer became invalid during the
prayer and he exited it. The one who is praying behind the imam may carry on
with his prayer, either on his own, or one of them may lead them in the rest
of the prayer. This is a strong report from Imam Ahmad. End quote. 

al-Fataawa al-Sa‘diyyah, 7/120

Based on that, if the prayer of the imam became invalid for
some reason which has nothing to do with the prayer of the one who is
praying behind him, then the prayer of the latter is not rendered invalid,
such as if the imam prayed without wudoo’ by mistake, or he lost his wudoo’
during the prayer. 

There are some cases in which the prayer of the one who is
praying behind the imam does become invalid if the prayer of the imam is
rendered invalid. For example: 

-        
If the imam’s prayer becomes
invalid for an obvious reason that could not be hidden from those who are
praying behind him, and they continue following him in prayer, such as if he
did not face the qiblah or cover his ‘awrah, or he failed to say takbeerat
al-ihram (the opening takbeer) or to recite al-Faatihah in a prayer in which
Qur’aan is to be recited out loud. 

Ibn Qudaamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If other
conditions are not met by the imam, such as covering (his ‘awrah) and facing
the qiblah, the one who is praying behind him cannot be excused, because
such things usually cannot be hidden, unlike minor impurity (losing one’s
wudoo’) and najaasah (impurity, i.e., on his clothes). End quote. 

Al-Mughni, 1/420 

The prayer of the imam and the one who is following him is
rendered invalid if there passes between the imam and his sutrah anything
that interrupts the prayer, such as a woman, a donkey or a black dog. If a
woman walks in between the imam and his sutrah, his prayer is rendered
invalid, as is the prayer of those who are praying behind him, because the
sutrah of the imam is the sutrah of those who are praying behind him, as the
Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “When one of you
stands to pray, he will be screened if he has something in front of him that
is like the back of a saddle. If he does not have something in front of him
that is like the back of a saddle, then his prayer will be interrupted if a
donkey, a woman or a black dog passes in front of him.” Narrated by Muslim,
510. 

See also the answer to question no.
3404. 

And Allah knows best.